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1.
Nutrients ; 16(5)2024 Feb 28.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38474812

RESUMO

Celiac disease (CeD) is an autoimmune condition triggered by gluten in genetically predisposed individuals, affecting all ages. Intestinal permeability (IP) is crucial in the pathogenesis of CeD and it is primarily governed by tight junctions (TJs) that uphold the intestinal barrier's integrity. The protein zonulin plays a critical role in modulating the permeability of TJs having emerged as a potential non-invasive biomarker to study IP. The importance of this study lies in providing evidence for the usefulness of a non-invasive tool in the study of IP both at baseline and in the follow-up of paediatric patients with CeD. In this single-centre prospective observational study, we explored the correlation between faecal zonulin levels and others faecal and serum biomarkers for monitoring IP in CeD within the paediatric population. We also aimed to establish reference values for faecal zonulin in the paediatric population. We found that faecal zonulin and calprotectin values are higher at the onset of CeD compared with the control population. Specifically, the zonulin levels were 347.5 ng/mL as opposed to 177.7 ng/mL in the control population (p = 0.001), while calprotectin levels were 29.8 µg/g stool compared to 13.9 µg/g stool (p = 0.029). As the duration without gluten consumption increased, a significant reduction in faecal zonulin levels was observed in patients with CeD (348.5 ng/mL vs. 157.1 ng/mL; p = 0.002), along with a decrease in the prevalence of patients with vitamin D insufficiency (88.9% vs. 77.8%). We conclude that faecal zonulin concentrations were higher in the patients with active CeD compared with healthy individuals or those following a gluten-free diet (GFD). The significant decrease in their values over the duration of the GFD suggests the potential use of zonulin as an additional tool in monitoring adherence to a GFD.


Assuntos
Doença Celíaca , Haptoglobinas , Precursores de Proteínas , Humanos , Criança , Dieta Livre de Glúten , Glutens , Biomarcadores , Complexo Antígeno L1 Leucocitário
2.
Pediatr. aten. prim ; 25(99)3 oct. 2023. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-226248

RESUMO

Analizamos la evidencia publicada sobre la eficacia y seguridad de nirsevimab, un anticuerpo monoclonal, empleado para prevenir las infecciones de vías respiratorias bajas (IVRB) por virus respiratorio sincitial (VRS) en el lactante a término. Encontramos un ensayo clínico aleatorizado controlado con placebo doble ciego que incluyó 3012 lactantes, nacidos a término o pretérmino tardío, menores de un año con un seguimiento de al menos 150 días. La calidad de la evidencia se clasificó como baja para IVRB muy grave y moderada para IVRB que precisara asistencia o ingreso. La evidencia se sustenta sobre un escaso número de eventos (para ingresos hospitalarios sólo 29 casos, para IVRB con atención médica 78), por lo que cualquier estimación debe considerarse imprecisa. La eficacia, estimada como reducción relativa del riesgo (RRR) fue del 76,4% (intervalo de confianza del 95% [IC 95]: 62,3 a 85,2) para IVRB por VRS y del 76,8% (IC 95: 49,4 a 89,4%) para ingreso. No se encontraron diferencias en cuanto a seguridad. Existen dudas sobre la importancia clínica, por los criterios de gravedad empleados, y sobre su impacto, con un número necesario a tratar para evitar una IVRB con ingreso de 63 y que requiera asistencia médica de 24. Por la información disponible parece una intervención segura, de la que no esperamos efectos adversos comunes, pero no podemos descartar efectos de baja frecuencia. Asimismo, esperamos contar pronto con estimaciones más precisas de eficacia y seguridad (AU)


We reviewed the published evidence on the efficacy and safety of nirsevimab, a monoclonal antibody, used to prevent respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) associated lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) in term infants. We have found a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial that included 3012 infants, born at term or late preterm, less than one year of age with a follow-up of at least 150 days. The quality of the evidence was classified as low for very severe LRTI and moderate for LRTI requiring medical care or admission. The evidence is based on a small number of events (only 29 cases for hospital admissions, 78 for IVRB with medical care), so any estimate must be considered imprecise. Efficacy, estimated as relative risk reduction (RRR) was 76.4% (95% confidence interval [95 CI]: 62.3 to 85.2) for RSV associated LRTI that required medical care and 76.8% (CI 95: 49.4 to 89.4%) for hospital admission. No differences were found in terms of safety. There are doubts about the clinical importance, due to the severity criteria used, and about its impact, with a number needed to treat of 63 to avoid a LRTI with hospital admission and of 24 to avoid LRTI requiring medical care. Based on the available information, it seems a safe intervention, from which we do not expect common adverse effects, but we cannot rule out low-frequency effects. We also expect to have more precise estimates of efficacy and safety soon. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Lactente , Prática Clínica Baseada em Evidências , Anticorpos Monoclonais Humanizados/uso terapêutico , Infecções por Vírus Respiratório Sincicial/tratamento farmacológico , Bronquiolite Viral/prevenção & controle
3.
Pediatr. aten. prim ; 24(95)jul.- sept. 2022.
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-212673

RESUMO

Conclusiones de los autores del estudio: los niños menores de 4 años de edad alérgicos al cacahuete, que recibieron inmunoterapia oral al alérgeno, presentaron una mayor desensibilización y remisión frente al mismo. Por tanto, parece existir una ventana de oportunidad de desensibilizarse al cacahuete en esta franja etaria.Comentario de los revisores: la inmunoterapia se mostró eficaz para conseguir la desensibilización y remisión en niños alérgicos al cacahuete entre 1 y 4 años. Este efecto fue más evidente en el grupo de menor edad y con niveles más bajos de marcadores inmunológicos. (AU)


Authors’ conclusions: children under 4 years of age allergic to peanuts who received oral allergen immunotherapy exhibited greater desensitization and achieved remission more frequently. Thus, there seems to be a window of opportunity for desensitization to desensitized to peanuts in this age range.Reviewers’ commentary: immunotherapy proved effective in achieving desensitization and remission in children allergic to peanuts aged 1 to 4 years. This effect was more evident in the younger children and in children with lower levels of immunological markers. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Hipersensibilidade a Amendoim/terapia , Dessensibilização Imunológica/métodos , Hipersensibilidade a Amendoim/imunologia , Método Duplo-Cego , Imunoterapia
4.
An Pediatr (Engl Ed) ; 97(1): 59.e1-59.e7, 2022 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35786539

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Cow's milk protein allergy (CMPA) is the most frequent food allergy in the first year of life. There is no clear consensus regarding its prevention. A recommendation to avoid CMP in the first week of life as a preventive measure in all infants, regardless of their atopic risk, has recently been published. The purpose of this document is to issue a recommendation on the use of extensively hydrolyzed CMP formulas in the first week of life for the primary prevention of CMPA. METHODS: A group of experts was formed with members proposed by the Spanish Association of Pediatrics (AEP), the Spanish Society of Clinical Immunology and Allergology and Pediatric Asthma (SEICAAP), the Spanish Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (SEGHNP) and the Spanish Society of Neonatology (SENEO). The group conducted a critical review of the evidence on the subject published in the last 10 years. RESULTS: The search yielded 72 studies, of which 66 were rejected for not meeting the inclusion criteria. The final review included 6 documents: 3 clinical trials and 3 systematic reviews, 2 of them with meta-analysis. There was no evidence of a statistically significant reduction in the incidence of CMPA in the infants who received hypoallergenic formulae or exclusive breastfeeding. CONCLUSION: Based on the current evidence, it is not possible to draw clear conclusions about the effect of avoiding CMP in the first week of life for prevention of CMPA. Although there are data that suggest a certain beneficial effect of avoiding CMPA in atopic risk infants, these results are not conclusive enough to extend the recommendation to the general population.


Assuntos
Hipersensibilidade Alimentar , Hipersensibilidade a Leite , Animais , Bovinos , Feminino , Humanos , Consenso , Hipersensibilidade a Leite/etiologia , Hipersensibilidade a Leite/prevenção & controle , Prevenção Primária
5.
An. pediatr. (2003. Ed. impr.) ; 97(1): 59.e1-59.e7, jul. 2022. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-206088

RESUMO

Introducción: La alergia a las proteínas de la leche de vaca (APLV) es la alergia alimentaria más frecuente en el primer año de vida. No existe un consenso claro respecto a su prevención. Recientemente se ha publicado la recomendación de evitar estas proteínas en la primera semana de vida como medida de prevención en todos los niños, con independencia de su riesgo atópico. El objetivo de este documento es emitir una recomendación sobre el uso de fórmulas extensamente hidrolizadas de PLV en la primera semana de vida para la prevención primaria de la APLV. Métodos: Se constituyó un grupo de expertos propuestos por la Asociación Española de Pediatría (AEP), la Sociedad Española de Inmunología Clínica y Alergología y Asma Pediátrica (SEICAAP), la Sociedad Española de Gastroenterología, Hepatología y Nutrición Pediátrica (SEGHNP) y la Sociedad Española de Neonatología (SENEO). Se realizó una revisión crítica de la evidencia publicada en los últimos 10 años sobre el tema. Resultados: Se seleccionaron 72 estudios, de los cuales 66 fueron rechazados por no cumplir los criterios de inclusión. Se incluyeron en la revisión 6 documentos: 3 ensayos clínicos y 3 revisiones sistemáticas, 2de ellas con metaanálisis. No se observó una reducción estadísticamente significativa en la incidencia de APLV en los grupos de lactantes que recibieron fórmulas hipoalergénicas ni lactancia materna exclusiva. Conclusión: Con base en las evidencias existentes en la actualidad, no se pueden establecer conclusiones claras acerca del efecto de evitar las PLV durante la primera semana de vida en la prevención de la APLV. A pesar de existir datos que pudieran orientar a un cierto efecto beneficioso de su evitación en niños con riesgo atópico, estos resultados no son concluyentes ni generalizables a lactantes sin dicho riesgo. (AU)


Introduction: Cow's milk protein allergy (CMPA) is the most frequent food allergy in the first year of life. There is no clear consensus regarding its prevention. A recommendation to avoid CMP in the first week of life as a preventive measure in all infants, regardless of their atopic risk, has recently been published. The purpose of this document is to issue a recommendation on the use of extensively hydrolyzed CMP formulas in the first week of life for the primary prevention of CMPA. Methods: A group of experts was formed with members proposed by the Spanish Association of Pediatrics (AEP), the Spanish Society of Clinical Immunology and Allergology and Pediatric Asthma (SEICAAP), the Spanish Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (SEGHNP) and the Spanish Society of Neonatology (SENEO). The group conducted a critical review of the evidence on the subject published in the last 10 years. Results: The search yielded 72 studies, of which 66 were rejected for not meeting the inclusion criteria. The final review included 6 documents: 3 clinical trials and 3 systematic reviews, 2 of them with meta-analysis. There was no evidence of a statistically significant reduction in the incidence of CMPA in the infants who received hypoallergenic formulae or exclusive breastfeeding. Conclusion: Based on the current evidence, it is not possible to draw clear conclusions about the effect of avoiding CMP in the first week of life for prevention of CMPA. Although there are data that suggest a certain beneficial effect of avoiding CMPA in atopic risk infants, these results are not conclusive enough to extend the recommendation to the general population. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Lactente , Hipersensibilidade a Leite/prevenção & controle , Substitutos do Leite Humano , Proteínas do Leite , Prevenção Primária , Espanha
6.
Med. paliat ; 29(2): 128-132, 2022.
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-210254

RESUMO

La lectura crítica es un paso fundamental de la sistemática de trabajo de la medicina basada en la evidencia, cuyo objetivo es comprobar que el trabajo encontrado tiene una calidad metodológica suficiente y que es aplicable a nuestro entorno clínico. Para llevarla a cabo se realiza una valoración ordenada de la validez metodológica, de la importancia clínica de los resultados del estudio y de la validez externa o aplicabilidad de los mismos.Para realizar una lectura crítica de forma sistemática, y sin olvidar ningún aspecto importante de la metodología del estudio, existen algunas herramientas, entre las que destacan las parrillas de lectura crítica y las listas de comprobación.Concluimos el trabajo con un ejercicio práctico de lectura crítica de una revisión sistemática ayudándonos de las parrillas de lectura crítica de la red CASPe. (AU)


Critical reading is a fundamental step in the systematic flow of evidence-based medicine, whose objective is to verify that the article found has sufficient methodological quality and that it is applicable to our clinical environment. To read critically, an orderly assessment of the methodological validity, the clinical relevance of the study results, and their external validity or applicability is carried out.To use critical appraisal systematically, without forgetting any important aspects of study methodology, some tools are available, among which critical reading grids and checklists stand out.We conclude this article with a practical exercise of critical appraisal of a systematic reviewwith the help of the critical reading grids available in the CASPe network. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Leitura , Lista de Checagem , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes
7.
Med. paliat ; 29(1): 45-52, 2022. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-206761

RESUMO

La elaboración de una estrategia de búsqueda en las bases de datos de ciencias de la salud para obtener un resultado de evidencias equilibrado entre sensibilidad y especificidad resulta un auténtico reto. Es imprescindible conocer bien los diferentes tipos de recursos para seleccionar los más apropiados en cada caso, así como los operadores, vocabularios, filtros y otras opciones de la interfaz implementados en cada una de ellos. En este artículo, con un ejercicio práctico a modo de juego, se han descrito los elementos correspondientes a la lista de verificación PRISMA-S para la presentación de una revisión rápida: criterios de elegibilidad de los estudios en formato PICO, fuentes de información obligatorias, estrategias de búsqueda en PubMed y el formulario peer review para describir la metodología de todo el proceso. (AU)


Developing a search strategy in health sciences databases to obtain a balanced evidence result between sensitivity and specificity is a real challenge. It is essential to have a good understand- ing of the different types of resources in order to select the most appropriate in each case, as well as the operators, vocabularies, filters and other interface options implemented in each of them. In this article, with a practical exercise as a game, the elements corresponding to the PRISMA-S checklist for the presentation of a rapid review have been described: eligibility criteria for studies in PICO format, mandatory information sources, search strategies in PubMed, and the peer review form to describe the methodology of the entire process. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Alfabetização Digital , Armazenamento e Recuperação da Informação/métodos , Competência em Informação , Sistemas de Informação em Saúde/organização & administração , Literatura de Revisão como Assunto , PubMed , Revisões Sistemáticas como Assunto , Disseminação de Informação , Publicações de Divulgação Científica , Comunicação e Divulgação Científica
8.
Rev Esp Enferm Dig ; 113(6): 436-441, 2021 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33371710

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) is a heterogeneous condition with nonspecific symptoms. This study aimed to report its management by pediatric gastroenterologists in Spain. METHODS: a descriptive study was performed by means of a survey sent to 184 active members of the Spanish Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (SEGHNP). RESULTS: one hundred and forty-eight responses (80.4 %) were received. Forty-four patients had no predisposing condition, 31.1 % used antibiotics followed by probiotics, 33.1 % antibiotherapy concomitant with probiotics, 24.3 % only antibiotics and 10.8 % only probiotics. The diagnosis was established via clinical parameters in 73.8 % of participants and the therapeutic response was checked only by clinical data in 90 %. CONCLUSIONS: there is high variability in the management of SIBO among pediatric population in Spain.


Assuntos
Infecções Bacterianas , Gastroenterologistas , Gastroenterologia , Probióticos , Infecções Bacterianas/diagnóstico , Infecções Bacterianas/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções Bacterianas/epidemiologia , Criança , Humanos , Espanha/epidemiologia
9.
Pediatr. aten. prim ; 22(85): 81-84, ene.-mar. 2020.
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-193452

RESUMO

CONCLUSIONES DE LOS AUTORES DEL ESTUDIO: el uso de tratamiento antisecretor en el primer año de vida, inhibidores de bomba de protones solos o en combinación con antagonistas de receptores H2, está asociado con un incremento del riesgo de fracturas en niños. Este riesgo puede ser mayor si el tratamiento se inicia en los primeros meses de vida y es de mayor duración. COMENTARIO DE LOS REVISORES: el aumento del riesgo de fracturas asociado al tratamiento antisecretor durante el primer año es un argumento más para valorar cuidadosamente la indicación de estos fármacos, especialmente los inhibidores de la bomba de protones, sobre todo en tratamientos precoces o prolongados


AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: infant proton pump inhibitors alone or together with H2 receptor antagonists is associated with an increased childhood fracture risk. This risk appears amplified by duration or early initiation of the therapy. REVIEWERS' COMMENTARY: the increased risk of fractures associated with antisecretory treatment during the first year of life another argument to carefully assess the indication of these drugs, especially proton pump inhibitors, particularly in treatments at an early age or long-term treatments


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Lactente , Inibidores da Bomba de Prótons/efeitos adversos , Fraturas Ósseas/induzido quimicamente , Antagonistas dos Receptores H2 da Histamina/efeitos adversos , Azia/tratamento farmacológico , Antiulcerosos/efeitos adversos , Antiácidos/efeitos adversos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco
10.
Pediatr. aten. prim ; 21(83): 313-318, jul.-sept. 2019. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-188653

RESUMO

Una palabra clave es una palabra o frase corta que se utiliza para describir el contenido del trabajo, empleando términos de lenguaje natural. Por su parte, los descriptores son términos normalizados que utiliza el documentalista para clasificar el trabajo, empleando un lenguaje controlado mucho más específico que el natural. Los descriptores se agrupan en diccionarios llamados tesauros, tales como el MeSH de la National Library of Medicine o el Diccionario de Descriptores en Ciencias de la Salud de la Biblioteca Virtual en Salud. Se describe la importancia de la correcta elección de descriptores y palabras clave, así como las fuentes de dónde obtenerlos


A keyword is a word or short phrase that is used to describe the content of a study, using natural language terms. On the other hand, descriptors are standardized terms that documentalists use to index the study, using a controlled language that is much more specific than the natural one. Descriptors are grouped into dictionaries called thesauri, such as the MeSH of the National Library of Medicine or the Diccionario de Descriptores en Ciencias de la Salud of the Biblioteca Virtual en Salud. We describe the importance of the correct choice of descriptors and keywords, as well as the sources of where to obtain them


Assuntos
Medical Subject Headings , Vocabulário Controlado , Terminologia como Assunto , Indexação e Redação de Resumos/métodos
11.
Pediatr. aten. prim ; 20(80): 401-405, oct.-dic. 2018. graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-180977

RESUMO

El metaanálisis es un resumen de síntesis cuantitativa habitualmente empleado para analizar los resultados de los estudios primarios de una revisión sistemática. Para que sus conclusiones tengan validez, debe aplicarse la metodología de elaboración de forma correcta y prestarse especial atención a la realización de la revisión, combinando los estudios de forma adecuada y representando los resultados de forma correcta. Revisaremos de forma detallada los aspectos relacionados con los métodos para combinar los estudios primarios y con la interpretación del diagrama de efectos (forest plot), finalizando con algunas recomendaciones para la interpretación de los resultados del metaanálisis


A meta-analysis is a summary of quantitative synthesis usually used to analyze the results of the primary studies of a systematic review. In order for its conclusions to be valid, its methodology must be correctly applied, paying special attention to carrying out the bibliographical search, combining the studies in an appropriate manner and representing the results correctly. We will review in detail the aspects related to the methods to combine the primary studies and to the interpretation of the forest plot, ending with some recommendations for the interpretation of the results of the meta-analysis


Assuntos
Metanálise como Assunto , Distribuição Aleatória , Literatura de Revisão como Assunto , Armazenamento e Recuperação da Informação/métodos
12.
Pediatr. aten. prim ; 20(79): 287-290, jul.-sept. 2018.
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-180957

RESUMO

Conclusiones de los autores del estudio: los antidepresivos fueron eficaces para el tratamiento del dolor abdominal funcional, siendo mayor la respuesta a los inhibidores de la recaptación de serotonina que a los antidepresivos tricíclicos, independientemente del componente psiquiátrico asociado. Se valoran poco los síntomas gastrointestinales provocados por el fármaco, frecuente causa de la retirada de la medicación. Comentario de los revisores: los antidepresivos parecen ser eficaces para el tratamiento del dolor abdominal funcional, con una ventaja terapéutica de los inhibidores de la recaptación de serotonina frente a los tricíclicos. Sin embargo, dadas las limitaciones metodológicas del trabajo, la falta de concordancia con otros datos disponibles y el porcentaje alto de efectos adversos, parece prudente esperar a la realización de estudios más amplios y de mayor calidad para poder recomendar su uso en esta patología funcional


Authors' conclusions: patients had more response to serotonin reuptake inhibitors than to tricyclic antidepressants, independently of the associated psychiatric component. They give little importance to the gastrointestinal symptoms caused by the drug that could be the cause of the withdrawal of the medication. Reviewers' commentary: antidepressants appear to be effective for the treatment of functional abdominal pain, with a therapeutic advantage of serotonin reuptake inhibitors over tricyclics. However, given the methodological limitations of the study, the lack of concordance with other available data and the high percentage of adverse effects, it seems prudent to wait for larger and higher quality studies to be able to recommend its use in this functional pathology


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Antidepressivos/uso terapêutico , Dor Abdominal/tratamento farmacológico , Inibidores Seletivos de Recaptação de Serotonina/farmacocinética , Antidepressivos Tricíclicos/farmacocinética , Resultado do Tratamento , Amitriptilina/farmacocinética , Estudos Retrospectivos , Dor Intratável/tratamento farmacológico , Manejo da Dor/métodos
13.
Pediatr. aten. prim ; 20(77): 79-82, ene.-mar. 2018.
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-173587

RESUMO

Conclusiones de los autores del estudio: se validan, mediante un estudio prospectivo, dos procedimientos basados en la determinación de anticuerpos antitransglutaminasa y anticuerpos antigliadina-deaminada para la identificación de pacientes pediátricos con y sin enfermedad celíaca, sin necesidad de biopsia. Comentario de los revisores: aunque las determinaciones serológicas son útiles para el diagnóstico de enfermedad celíaca y pueden permitir el diagnóstico sin necesidad de recurrir a la biopsia duodenal, parece razonable continuar con las recomendaciones actuales, especialmente en grupos de pacientes de bajo riesgo de enfermedad


Authors2 conclusions: in a prospective study, we validated two procedures based on the determination of anti-glutaminase and anti-gliadin-deaminated antibodies for the identification of pediatric patients with or without celiac disease, without biopsy. Reviewers’ commentary: although serological determinations are useful for the diagnosis of celiac disease and can allow diagnosis without duodenal biopsy, it seems reasonable to continue with the current recommendations, especially in groups of patients with low risk of disease


Assuntos
Humanos , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Adolescente , Medicina Baseada em Evidências/métodos , Transglutaminases/análise , Gliadina/análise , Doença Celíaca/diagnóstico , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Estudos Prospectivos , Técnicas de Imunoadsorção , Estudos de Coortes
14.
Pediatr. aten. prim ; 19(76): 377-381, oct.-dic. 2017. tab, ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-169606

RESUMO

El valor de p es un término ampliamente utilizado y mal interpretado por muchos de los lectores de artículos científicos. Se define el significado del valor de p, así como su relación con la fiabilidad del estudio y la importancia clínica de los resultados del mismo (AU)


P-value is a widely used term frequently misinterpreted by many readers of scientific articles. We define the significance of p-value, as well as its relation with the reliability and the clinical relevance of the results of the study (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Interpretação Estatística de Dados , Pesquisa Biomédica/métodos , Distribuição Aleatória , Testes de Hipótese
15.
Nutr Hosp ; 34(3): 578-583, 2017 06 05.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28627192

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: The primary objective of this study was to find out the prevalence of overweight and obese status, as well as their association to pulmonary function, total cholesterol and vitamin D in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a multicenter descriptive and cross-sectional study. Twelve Spanish hospitals participated. 451 patients with CF were included. Adults were classified according to body mass index (BMI) and children were classified according to BMI percentiles (WHO tables). Pearson's correlation, Anova, Student's t-test and multiple linear regression were conducted. RESULTS: Mean age was 12.3 (range 4-57) years old, 51% were male and 18% had pancreatic sufficiency. Participants were classified in five nutritional status categories: 12% were malnourished; 57%, at nutritional risk; 24%, normally nourished; 6%, overweight; and 1%, obese. Pulmonary function in overweight or obese patients (91 ± 19%) was better than in malnourished patients (77 ± 24%) (p = 0.017). However, no difference was observed between those at nutritional risk (86 ± 19%) or normally nourished (90 ± 22%) groups. Overweight and obese patients had higher levels of total cholesterol (p = 0.0049), a greater proportion of hypercholesterolemia (p = 0.001), as well as lower levels of 25 OH vitamin D (p = 0.058). CONCLUSIONS: Prevalence of overweight and obese was 6 and 1%. Excess weight status does not offer any benefit in pulmonary function in comparison to normally nourished patients.


Assuntos
Peso Corporal , Fibrose Cística/epidemiologia , Obesidade/epidemiologia , Sobrepeso/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Índice de Massa Corporal , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Estudos Transversais , Fibrose Cística/fisiopatologia , Feminino , Humanos , Pulmão/fisiopatologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Obesidade/fisiopatologia , Sobrepeso/fisiopatologia , Prevalência , Espanha/epidemiologia , Adulto Jovem
16.
Nutr. hosp ; 34(3): 578-583, mayo-jun. 2017. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-164112

RESUMO

Introduction: The primary objective of this study was to find out the prevalence of overweight and obese status, as well as their association to pulmonary function, total cholesterol and vitamin D in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). Materials and methods: This is a multicenter descriptive and cross-sectional study. Twelve Spanish hospitals participated. 451 patients with CF were included. Adults were classified according to body mass index (BMI) and children were classified according to BMI percentiles (WHO tables). Pearson’s correlation, Anova, Student’s t-test and multiple linear regression were conducted. Results: Mean age was 12.3 (range 4-57) years old, 51% were male and 18% had pancreatic sufficiency. Participants were classified in five nutritional status categories: 12% were malnourished; 57%, at nutritional risk; 24%, normally nourished; 6%, overweight; and 1%, obese. Pulmonary function in overweight or obese patients (91 ± 19%) was better than in malnourished patients (77 ± 24%) (p = 0.017). However, no difference was observed between those at nutritional risk (86 ± 19%) or normally nourished (90 ± 22%) groups. Overweight and obese patients had higher levels of total cholesterol (p = 0.0049), a greater proportion of hypercholesterolemia (p = 0.001), as well as lower levels of 25 OH vitamin D (p = 0.058). Conclusions: Prevalence of overweight and obese was 6 and 1%. Excess weight status does not offer any benefit in pulmonary function in comparison to normally nourished patients (AU)


Introducción y objetivos: conocer la prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad, así como su asociación con la función pulmonar, el colesterol total y la vitamina D en pacientes con fibrosis quística (FQ). Material y métodos: estudio multicéntrico descriptivo y transversal. Participaron 12 hospitales españoles. Fueron incluidos 451 pacientes con FQ, clasificados según el índice de masa corporal (IMC) en adultos y el IMC percentilado (tablas OMS) en niños. Análisis estadístico: C.Pearson, Anova, t de Student y regresión lineal múltiple. Resultados: la mediana de edad fue 12,3 (rango 4-57) años. Un 51% eran varones y el 18%, suficientes pancreáticos (SP). El 12% estaba desnutrido; el 57%, en riesgo nutricional; el 24%, normonutrido; el 6% presentaba sobrepeso; y un 1%, obesidad. La función pulmonar en los pacientes con sobrepeso (91 ± 19%) era mejor que en los desnutridos (77 ± 24%) (p = 0,017), sin embargo, no se observaron diferencias con respecto a los que estaban en riesgo nutricional (86 ± 19%) o normonutridos (90 ± 22%). Los pacientes con sobrepeso tenían más elevado el colesterol total (p = 0,0049), mayor proporción de hipercolesterolemia (p = 0,001), así como niveles más bajos de 25 OH vitamina D (p = 0,058). Conclusiones: la prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad fue del 6 y el 1%. El sobrepeso y la obesidad no ofrecen beneficio sobre la función pulmonar en comparación con los normonutridos (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Adolescente , Fibrose Cística/complicações , Fibrose Cística/dietoterapia , Obesidade/dietoterapia , Sobrepeso/dietoterapia , Estado Nutricional/fisiologia , Vitamina D/administração & dosagem , Obesidade/epidemiologia , Aumento de Peso/fisiologia , Índice de Massa Corporal , 28599 , Análise de Variância , Modelos Lineares , Deficiência de Vitamina D/dietoterapia
17.
Pediatr. aten. prim ; 18(70): 185-188, abr.-jun. 2016.
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-153810

RESUMO

Existen algunas situaciones o patologías en las que el paciente requiere tratamiento en múltiples ocasiones. La norma habitual en los ensayos clínicos es aleatorizar a los pacientes una vez en cada ensayo. Sin embargo, puede aumentarse la tasa de reclutamiento si se permite que cada paciente sea aleatorizado cada vez que requiere un tratamiento y no solo una vez al comienzo del ensayo. Este es el procedimiento conocido como realeatorización (AU)


There are some situations or conditions in which patients require treatment on multiple occasions. The most common in clinical trials is to randomize patients once in each trial. However, the sample can be increased if recruitment allows each patient to be randomized each time requiring treatment and not only once at the beginning of the trial. This is the procedure known as re-aleatorización (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Tamanho da Amostra , Distribuição Aleatória , Métodos de Análise Laboratorial e de Campo/métodos , Métodos de Análise Laboratorial e de Campo/políticas , Atenção Primária à Saúde/métodos , Atenção Primária à Saúde/tendências , Projetos de Pesquisa Epidemiológica
18.
Nutr Hosp ; 32(4): 1629-35, 2015 Oct 01.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26545528

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: evaluate vitamin D status and its association with chronic lung colonisation in Cystic Fibrosis patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS: descriptive cross-sectional multicenter study. From November 2012 to April 2014, at 12 national hospitals, 377 patients with Cystic Fibrosis were included. Vitamin D levels < 30 ng/ml were classified as insufficient. Chronic colonisation was considered if they had at least two positive cultures in the past year. RESULTS: the median age was 8.9 years (2 months to 20 years). 65% had insufficient levels of vitamin D. There was an inverse correlation between age and vitamin D levels (r = -0.20 p < 0.001). Those diagnosed by screening, were younger and had higher levels of vitamin D. There was an inverse correlation between the number of colonisations and vitamin D levels (r = -0.16 p = 0.0015). Adjusting for age, pancreatic status and diagnosis by screening, colonization by S. aureus in 6 years, increased the risk of insufficient levels of vitamin D: OR 3.17 (95% CI 1.32 to 7.61) (p = 0.010) and OR 3.77 (95% CI 1.37 to 10 , 37) (p = 0.010), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: despite adequate supplementation, more than half of our patients did not achieve optimal levels of vitamin D. Regardless of age, diagnosis by screening or pancreatic status, chronic colonization by Pseudomonas sp. in children and adolescents and S. Aureus in infants and preschoolars increases the risk of developing vitamin D deficiency in these patients.


Introducción y objetivos: conocer la situación en la que se encuentran los pacientes con fibrosis quística en relación con sus niveles de vitamina D y su asociación con las colonizaciones pulmonares crónicas. Material y métodos: estudio multicéntrico transversal. Participaron 12 hospitales nacionales. De noviembre a abril del 2012 al 2014 se incluyeron 377 pacientes con fibrosis quística. Se consideraron insuficientes niveles de vitamina D < 30 ng/ml. Presentar al menos dos cultivos positivos en el último año fue considerado un criterio de colonización crónica. Resultados: los pacientes tenían una mediana de edad de 8,9 años (2 meses­20 años). Un 65% presentaban niveles insuficientes de vitamina D. Se observó una correlación inversa entre edad y niveles de vitamina D (r = -0,20 p < 0,001). Los diagnosticados por cribado eran más jóvenes y tenían niveles de vitamina D más altos. Los niveles de vitamina D presentaron una correlación inversa con el número de colonizaciones pulmonares (r = -0,16 p = 0,0015). Ajustando por edad, función pancreática y diagnóstico mediante cribado, la colonización por S. Aureus en menores de seis años y por Pseudomonas sp. en los mayores de esa edad, incrementaban el riesgo de presentar niveles insuficientes de vitamina D: OR 3,17 (IC95% 1,32-7,61) (p=0,010) y OR 3,77 (IC95% 1,37- 10,37)(p = 0,010), respectivamente. Conclusiones: a pesar de una suplementación adecuada, más de la mitad de nuestros pacientes no alcanzan niveles óptimos de vitamina D. La colonización crónica por Pseudomonas sp. en escolares y adolescentes y por S. Aureus en lactantes y preescolares se asocia de forma independiente con la deficiencia de vitamina D.


Assuntos
Fibrose Cística/sangue , Fibrose Cística/microbiologia , Pulmão/microbiologia , Deficiência de Vitamina D/sangue , Vitamina D/sangue , Adolescente , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Estudos Transversais , Fibrose Cística/complicações , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Vitamina D/uso terapêutico , Deficiência de Vitamina D/complicações , Vitaminas/uso terapêutico , Adulto Jovem
19.
Nutr. hosp ; 32(4): 1629-1635, oct. 2015. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-143660

RESUMO

Introducción y objetivos: conocer la situación en la que se encuentran los pacientes con fibrosis quística en relación con sus niveles de vitamina D y su asociación con las colonizaciones pulmonares crónicas. Material y métodos: estudio multicéntrico transversal. Participaron 12 hospitales nacionales. De noviembre a abril del 2012 al 2014 se incluyeron 377 pacientes con fibrosis quística. Se consideraron insuficientes niveles de vitamina D < 30 ng/ml. Presentar al menos dos cultivos positivos en el último año fue considerado un criterio de colonización crónica. Resultados: los pacientes tenían una mediana de edad de 8,9 años (2 meses-20 años). Un 65% presentaban niveles insuficientes de vitamina D. Se observó una correlación inversa entre edad y niveles de vitamina D (r = -0,20 p < 0,001). Los diagnosticados por cribado eran más jóvenes y tenían niveles de vitamina D más altos. Los niveles de vitamina D presentaron una correlación inversa con el número de colonizaciones pulmonares (r = -0,16 p = 0,0015). Ajustando por edad, función pancreática y diagnóstico mediante cribado, la colonización por S. Aureus en menores de seis años y por Pseudomonas sp. en los mayores de esa edad, incrementaban el riesgo de presentar niveles insuficientes de vitamina D: OR 3,17 (IC95% 1,32-7,61) (p=0,010) y OR 3,77 (IC95% 1,37- 10,37)(p = 0,010), respectivamente. Conclusiones: a pesar de una suplementación adecuada, más de la mitad de nuestros pacientes no alcanzan niveles óptimos de vitamina D. La colonización crónica por Pseudomonas sp. en escolares y adolescentes y por S. Aureus en lactantes y preescolares se asocia de forma independiente con la deficiencia de vitamina D (AU)


Introduction and objectives: evaluate vitamin D status and its association with chronic lung colonisation in Cystic Fibrosis patients. Material and methods: descriptive cross-sectional multicenter study. From November 2012 to April 2014, at 12 national hospitals, 377 patients with Cystic Fibrosis were included. Vitamin D levels < 30 ng/ml were classified as insufficient. Chronic colonisation was considered if they had at least two positive cultures in the past year. Results: the median age was 8.9 years (2 months to 20 years). 65% had insufficient levels of vitamin D. There was an inverse correlation between age and vitamin D levels (r = -0.20 p < 0.001). Those diagnosed by screening, were younger and had higher levels of vitamin D. There was an inverse correlation between the number of colonisations and vitamin D levels (r = -0.16 p = 0.0015). Adjusting for age, pancreatic status and diagnosis by screening, colonization by S. aureus in <6 years and Pseudomonas sp. in > 6 years, increased the risk of insufficient levels of vitamin D: OR 3.17 (95% CI 1.32 to 7.61) (p = 0.010) and OR 3.77 (95% CI 1.37 to 10,37) (p = 0.010), respectively. Conclusions: despite adequate supplementation, more than half of our patients did not achieve optimal levels of vitamin D. Regardless of age, diagnosis by screening or pancreatic status, chronic colonization by Pseudomonas sp. in children and adolescents and S. Aureus in infants and preschoolars increases the risk of developing vitamin D deficiency in these patients (AU)


Assuntos
Criança , Humanos , Adulto Jovem , Fibrose Cística/fisiopatologia , Deficiência de Vitamina D/epidemiologia , Infecções por Pseudomonas/epidemiologia , Infecções Estafilocócicas/epidemiologia , Vitamina D/análise , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/patogenicidade , Infecções Respiratórias/epidemiologia , Staphylococcus aureus/patogenicidade
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